My experience with viscous couplings is limited to the Rover Freelander,
but I suspect the Bongo is very similar, as with the majority of Japanese
4 wheel drive cars. If I'm wrong in some parts I'm sure
dandywarhol
will put me right.
The VC is a cheaper version of the old transfer box which allowed the front
and rear wheels to travel at different speeds when turning hard right or left.
However the VC can compensate for wheel slip in muddy or icy conditions. With
a transfer box you need limited slip diffs to achieve this.
The VC is a set of closely fitting plates immersed in a highly viscous oil.
The input is generally taken from the rear drive shaft and the output is
sent to the front drive shaft. When the rolling wheel circumference is
different on any wheel, such as turning right or left, the VC will slip to
compensate, but because the plates are so close together it will generate
heat in the VC. Excessive heat will eventually cause the VC to fail.
If the VC gets overheated it can seize and cause the diffs to lock up, which
means the front or rear tyres will scrub the road surface when turning or cause
some nasty banging or scraunching on sticky surfaces. If you lose all the oil
from the VC then - if the VC is in good condition - there will be no drive to
the front wheels at all and it may be a long time before you realise you only
have a 2 wheel drive vehicle.
It's not easy to test a 4WD when the VC is in good condition except to drive
around in circles on full lock at tick over speed and try to detect a very
slight increase in power, as the VC is then slipping at it's maximum rate.
If you start to lock up the diffs then the best thing to do is put it in
reverse and unwind them again before you cause any real damage.
The best way to
destroy a VC is doing high speed doughnuts in the local
Tesco's car park.
As far as the VC is concerned, it's of no consequence which size tyres you fit
providing the rolling circumference is identical. The temperature range of the
VC is such that it will allow for some difference in tyre wear and the odd low
pressure but it certainly won't last very long if the tyres are not matched
correctly. If you drive on a motorway for 10 or 20 miles in a virtual straight
line, and stop and feel the temperature of the VC, then, if you get a nasty
burn you should be checking for problems.
The expected life of a VC working under normal to harsh conditions is far
less than the gearbox, and may start to fail at around 80,000 miles and
require replacing, so it's as well to give it the least amount of work to do
where possible.
Finally, if you know that the VC is not working as it should then as a
temporary measure, you can remove the front prop shaft, the VC won't be
doing any work at all and you only have a 2WD vehicle. You won't save any
fuel because you still have friction losses in the front diff.
Hope this adds something to the debate.
